Treatment of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm by prosthetic vessel replacement under left heart bypass / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) prosthetic vessel replacement is one of the most complex operations in the field of cardiovascular surgery. The key to success of this operation is to prevent and avoid ischemia of important organs while repairing TAAA. This study aims to summarize and analyze the effect of prosthetic vessel replacement under left heart bypass in the treatment of TAAA.@*METHODS@#Data of 15 patients with TAAA who underwent prosthetic vessel replacement under left heart bypass in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University were retrospectively analyzed. According to Crawford classification, there were 2 cases of type I, 8 cases of type II, 3 cases of type III, and 2 cases of type V. There were 14 cases of selective operation and 1 case of emergency operation. All operations were performed under left heart bypass, and cerebrospinal fluid drainage was performed before operation. Left heart bypass was established by intubation of left inferior pulmonary vein and distal abdominal aorta or left femoral artery. The thoracoabdominal aorta was replaced segment by segment. After aortic dissection, the kidneys were perfused with cold crystalloid renal protective solution, and the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery were perfused with warm blood.@*RESULTS@#One patient with TAAA after aortic dissection of type A died. During the operation, straight blood vessels were used to repair TAAA, and the celiac artery branches were trimmed into island shape and anastomosed with prosthetic vessels. After the operation, massive bleeding occurred at the anastomotic stoma, then anaphylactic reaction occurred during massive blood transfusion, resulting in death. One patient suffered from paraplegia due to ischemic injury of spinal cord. The other patients recovered well and were discharged. The postoperative ventilation time was (16.5±13.8) h and the postoperative hospital stay was (10±4) d. The amount of red blood cell transfusion was (13±9) U. The patients were followed up for 2 months to 2 years, and the recovery was satisfactory.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The effect of prosthetic vessel replacement under left heart bypass in the treatment of TAAA is good, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Cirugía de bypass en la enfermedad coronaria multivasos: tratamiento antiguo con vigencia actual / Bypass surgery in multivessel coronary disease: old and contemporary relevance treatment

Objetivo: Evaluar nuestros resultados a corto y largo plazo en la cirugía de bypass para el grupo de enfermedad coronaria multivasos (3 vasos y/o tronco izquierdo). Analizar recientes estudios que comparan stent liberador de drogas (DES del inglés Drug eluting stents) versus cirugía. Actualizar recomendaciones. Métodos: Se analiza retrospectivamente 121 pacientes consecutivos tratados con cirugía de revascularización miocárdica por enfermedad coronaria multivasos entre diciembre de 1998 y febrero de 2008 y se comparan con los resultados de la literatura. Además se evaluó la presencia de factores de riesgo preoperatorios que influenciarían los resultados. Resultados: La mortalidad hospitalaria (30 días) fue de 2.5%. A un seguimiento de 4.4 años, en 100 pacientes se observa una sobrevida de 93.21% y una necesidad de repetir revascularización de 3.3%. Conclusión: Se observa un aumento de los factores de riesgo (edad y procedimientos coronarios previos, sean quirúrgicos o intervencionistas) en la población que acude a cirugía, a pesar de lo cual la morbi-mortalidad continúa baja, incluso en el seguimiento a largo plazo. Nuestros resultados concuerdan con los de las publicaciones internacionales de centros avanzados. Estudios randomizados y observacionales de estos centros muestran, en la enfermedad coronaria multivasos, que la cirugía tiene menos eventos adversos cardiacos y cerebro vasculares que el stent y ventaja en la sobrevida a largo plazo. La cirugía se mantiene como la opción preferida para la enfermedad coronaria multivasos no aguda, en especial cuando las lesiones coronarias son anatómicamente complejas.

Objective: With this study we have assessed our early and late surgical outcomes in patients with Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) (defined as 3 coronary vessels or Left Main Coronary Disease) treated with Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) Surgery. We have analyzed studies comparing Drug Eluting Stent (DES) versus CABG Surgery to treat Multivessel CAD. We have reviewed all up to date guidelines and recommendations. Methods: We have retrospectively analyzed 121 consecutive patients with multivessel CAD treated with CABG surgery. Results: In-hospital mortality (30 days) was 2,5 %. A subsequent follow up of 100 patients after 4,4 years showed a rate of survival of 93.21 % and the need for repeat myocardial revascularization procedures in 3,3%. Conclusion: CABG surgery to treat Multivessel CAD has low morbidity and mortality even with increase in the risk factors of the population.We have similar results to other published Randomized Controlled and Observational Trials. These studies show that CABG surgery has lower rates of Mayor Adverse Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Events (MACCE) and higher survival rates than DES. Surgery is still the treatment of choice for non-acute multivessel CAD, especially when there is a complex anatomy.

Correção cirúrgica da coarctação da aorta em adultos sob assistência circulatória extracorpórea esquerda / Surgical repair of coarctation of aorta in adults under left heart bypass

OBJETIVO: Descrever a experiência do serviço com a correção da coarctação da aorta em adultos utilizando assistência circulatória esquerda. MÉTODOS: De novembro de 2007 a outubro de 2009, oito pacientes adultos com coarctação da aorta foram submetidos a correção cirúrgica com interposição de enxerto tubular através de toracotomia póstero-lateral esquerda e uso de assistência circulatória com uso de circuito átrio esquerdo e artéria femoral. Cinco pacientes eram do sexo feminino e tinham idade média de 31,5 ± 13,1 anos. Todos tinham hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) e apresentavam doenças cardiovasculares associadas. RESULTADOS: Não houve óbitos ou complicações neurológicas. O tempo médio cirúrgico foi de 308 minutos, o tempo médio de assistência circulatória de 73 minutos e o de pinçamento aórtico médio de 65 minutos. O sangramento médio no pós-operatório foi de 696 ml. Seis pacientes evoluíram com HAS grave no pós-operatório, sendo necessário uso de vasodilatadores endovenosos. As altas hospitalares ocorreram em média no 9º dia pós-operatório. Houve redução significativa do gradiente médio da pressão arterial sistêmica. O seguimento ambulatorial com ecocardiograma até dois meses de pós-operatório demonstrou gradiente aorta/enxerto médio de 20,3 mmHg. CONCLUSÃO: O uso da assistência circulatória esquerda pode ser uma opção na correção cirúrgica da coarctação da aorta em adultos, principalmente em pacientes com alterações parede da aorta, não sendo observada isquemia medular nos casos estudados.

OBJECTIVE: To describe our experience with repair of coarctation of the aorta in adults using left heart bypass. METHODS: From November 2007 to October 2009, eight adult patients with coarctation of the aorta underwent surgical repair under circulatory support using a left atrium to femoral artery bypass circuit, with graft interposition tube through left posterolateral thoracotomy. Five patients were female, with mean age of 31.5 ± 13.1 years. All patients had hypertension and others associated cardiovascular diseases. RESULTS: There were no deaths or neurological complications. The mean surgical time was 308 minutes with mean left heart bypass and distal aortic clamping time of 73 and 65 minutes respectively. Postoperative bleeding was 696 ml in average. Six patients developed severe hypertension postoperatively requiring intravenous vasodilators. The mean length of stay was 9 days. A significant reduction of gradient blood pressure occurred. Echocardiographic follow-up up to two months postoperatively showed mean aortic / graft gradient of 20.3 mmHg. CONCLUSION: In this series the use of left heart bypass showed to be a safe option in the surgical correction of coarctation of the aorta in adults, especially in patients with abnormal aortic wall. There was no spinal cord ischemia in the cases studied.

Tuberculous Aortitis Complicated with Pseudoaneurysm Formation in the Descending Thoracic Aorta: A Case Report

A 51-year-old male with sustained fever was diagnosed with military tuberculosis and tuberculous aortitis complicated with pseudoaneurysm formation at the proximal descending aorta. A follow-up computed tomography evaluation showed an increased size of the pseudoaneurysm in this area, suggestive of a contained rupture. Consequently, the patient underwent emergency excision and replacement of the aorta using a left heart bypass. The patient was discharged without postoperative complications on post-operative day 12. During the one-year follow-up period, the patient was free of any complications or recurrence of tuberculosis. We report a case of pseudoaneurysm of the descending aorta that was successfully surgically repaired.